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Columbia
Wisconsin

58K

Population

$79K

Median Income

$355K

Median Home

Swing

Politics

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What stands out

What stands out about Columbia County: the uninsured rate is in the bottom 9% of American counties (5.9%), the median household income is in the top 13% of American counties ($79,271), and high-school completion is in the top 13% of American counties (94%). Within Wisconsin it ranks 20th of 72 counties for the uninsured rate, counting from the bottom.

Where you are

You live in Columbia County, Wisconsin. 58,272 people live here with you. The population held steady at 0.2% last year, and more Americans moved out than in (net -121).

Wisconsin has a graduated income tax reaching 7.65%, does not tax Social Security, and exempts some retirement income for residents 65 and over. Property taxes are high, largely for schools and local services, with a state lottery credit offsetting part of the bill. Milwaukee and Madison drive most job growth; the northern half of the state is lakes, forests and second homes.

Money

The typical household here brings in $79,271 a year, higher than 87% of American counties. Employers pay an average wage of $52,667. Unemployment runs 2.6%, lower than 79% of American counties. 10% of workers work from home; for the rest the average commute is 24 minutes each way.

Wisconsin takes 4.5% of that median income in state income tax, about $3,598 a year.

Home

The median home costs $359K, pricier than 80% of American counties, about 2.6 years of the median household's income. A two-bedroom rents for around $947 a month. Property tax is 1.53% of home value, roughly $3,738 a year on that median home, higher than 86% of American counties. 76% of households own rather than rent.

Safety and health

Violent crime here is 3.2 per 1,000 residents, lower than 82% of American counties. Drug overdoses killed 11 people per 100,000 in 2024.

A child born here can expect to live 78.4 years, longer than 79% of American counties. There are 57 active physicians in the county, about 9.8 per 10,000 people. Medicare rates the local hospitals 3.5 of 5 stars. 5.9% of people under 65 have no health insurance.

School

Local students test at grade level 2.94 where 3.0 is national grade level, lower than 57% of American counties. 94% of adults finished high school.

Neighbors and politics

In 2024 your neighbors voted almost evenly. 76% of eligible voters turned out. Under Wisconsin law you can get a concealed-carry permit on request, abortion is legal with limits, and marijuana is illegal.

Weather and risk

The year averages 47°F, highs near 58 and lows near 37, colder than 83% of American counties. About 31 inches of rain and snow fall a year. FEMA puts natural-hazard risk at 68 out of 100, riskier than 68% of American counties; the county has had 11 federal disaster declarations since 1953.

Getting around, going out

Home internet averages 200 Mbps down, faster than 50% of American counties. There are 11 airports in the county, counting general aviation. For a night or a weekend out: 1.0 full-service restaurants per 1,000 people, 2 breweries, 5 museums.

Written from the figures below. Percentiles compare this county with every other county that reports the same figure; missing figures are left out rather than guessed.

Economy

Median Household Income$79K
This county
national avg ~$75K
Poverty Rate7.6%
This county
national avg ~11.5%
Unemployment Rate2.6%
This county
national avg ~3.8%
GDP per Capita$71,923
Federal Spending per Capita$3,773
Median Individual Earnings$49K
This county
national avg $45K
Professional/Management Workers36.7%
Average Adjusted Gross Income$80K
Avg Credit Score710
Work From Home %9.5%
This county
national avg 17.0%
Population Under 1820.9%
This county
national avg 22.0%
Single-Person Households27.9%
This county
national avg 28.0%
Banks & Finance Firms34
Income (20th Percentile)$38K
Income (80th Percentile)$140K
Income (95th Percentile)$224K
Bachelor's Degree or Higher24.2%
This county
national avg 34.3%
Less Than High School6.1%
This county
national avg 11.0%
Knowledge Economy GDP %4.6%
Dependency Ratio0.66
Medicare Spending / Person$2,519
SS Benefits / Person$4,637
Education Wage Premium1.48x
Median Earnings (Bachelor's)$62K
Median Earnings (Graduate)$66K
Median Earnings (HS Diploma)$45K
Public Assistance Recipients3.0%
Average Annual Wage$53K
Professional Services Concentration0.48x national
This county
1.0 = national average share
Federal Government Jobs Located Here159
Federal Share of Jobs Located Here0.7%
Residents Who Work for the Federal Government1.8%
Federal Civilian Share of Earnings0.7%
Federal Contract Dollars Performed Here (FY2025)$9M
Contract Dollars Relative to Local Wages0.01x wages
Largest Award's Share of Contract Dollars16%

Housing

Sources: Zillow ZHVI · Census ACS 2022 · Tax Foundation 2023 (effective rates)

Median Home Value$355K
This county
$285K state avg
$303K national
Median Sale Price$295K
This county
$303K national
Market Rent (ZORI)$1248/mo
This county
$1200/mo state avg
$1400/mo national
Property Tax Rate1.53%
This county
1.51% state avg
1.10% national

Annual tax on median home: $3,738

Affordability & Supply

HUD Fair Market Rent (2BR)$1,195/mo
Home Price Change (1 yr)+5.7%−+0.0% since 2024
Home Value to Income Ratio2.6x income
Severely Cost-Burdened Households8.5%
Homeownership Rate75.8%
This county
national avg ~65%

Market Activity

Sources: Zillow Research monthly · Redfin

Listings with Price Cuts— Low — market moving fast
12.5%
Active Listings
171
New Listings / Month
54

Source: Zillow Research · Updated monthly

Days on Market (Redfin)— Slow — buyers have leverage
49 days
Months of Supply (Redfin)— Balanced market
3.3 mo
Sold Above List (Redfin)
28.8%
Sale-to-List Ratio (Redfin)— Buyers market — homes selling below list
98.5%

Source: Redfin · Updated monthly

Health

Life Expectancy78.4 yrs
This county
national avg ~78.5 years
Hospital Rating3.5 / 5
This county
national avg 3.0 stars
Food Insecurity5.8%
This county
national avg ~11%
Food Environment Index9.2 / 10
This county
higher = better access
Primary Care Shortage Score12
This county
national avg 5
Mental Health Shortage Score12
Dental Care Shortage Score6
Healthcare Shortage Score10.0
Healthcare Offices57
Obesity Rate (BRFSS)33.2%
This county
national avg 32.0%
Smoking Rate (BRFSS)14.4%
This county
national avg 14.0%
Poor Health Rate (BRFSS)15.7%
This county
national avg 18.0%
Physical Inactivity (BRFSS)24.6%
This county
national avg 24.0%
High Blood Pressure (BRFSS)27.6%
This county
national avg 32.0%
Active Physicians57
Nursing Home Rating3.3 / 5
This county
national avg ~3 stars
ER Visits per 1,000 Medicare Patients619 / 1,000
Medicare Cost per Beneficiary$9,490
Uninsured (under 65)5.9%
This county
national avg ~10%
Adults with Depression24.5%

Education

Math Test Scores2.95 grade level
Reading Test Scores2.93 grade level
HS Diploma Holders11,404
Bachelor's Degree Holders6,969
HS Completion Rate93.9%
This county
national avg ~85%
Private Schools10

Safety

Violent Crime Rate3.2 / 1,000
This county
national avg ~4.0
Firearm Fatality Rate8.7 / 100K
This county
national avg ~13.6/100K
Drug Overdose Rate25.9 / 100K
This county
national avg ~21/100K
Traffic Fatalities6
Social Vulnerability (CDC SVI)10th pct
Drug Overdose Deaths (2024)11.0 / 100K
Suicide Rate17.5 / 100K
This county
national avg ~14/100K

Climate & Air Quality

Natural Amenity Scale-0.5
January Sunshine-0.23
January Temperature-1.20
Average Temp47°F+3.3% since 2022
Avg High Temp58°F+3.8% since 2022
Avg Low Temp37°F+2.8% since 2022
Median AQIAQI 44
Good Air Days133 days/yr
Unhealthy Air Days18 days/yr
Annual Precipitation31.0 in/yr-9.6% since 2022
Avg Storm Events13.6 storms/yr
Avg Annual Storm Damage$208K
Ozone Days203 days/yr
This county
national avg 50 days/yr
Drought Index (2022)0.09
Heating Degree Days7,106 HDD/yr
This county
national avg ~4,500 HDD/yr
Cooling Degree Days698 CDD/yr
This county
national avg ~1,200 CDD/yr
Heating Degree Days (1901–2000 Baseline)7,853 HDD/yr
Cooling Degree Days (1901–2000 Baseline)518 CDD/yr
Avg Tornadoes / Year0.4
Avg Flood Events / Year3.4
Avg Hail Events / Year2.4
Avg Hurricane Events / Year0.00
Avg Wildfire Events / Year0.0
Avg Winter Storms / Year0.0
Avg Heat Events / Year0.0
Natural Hazard Risk (FEMA)68 / 100
Community Resilience (FEMA)96 / 100
Federal Disaster Declarations11 since 1953
Fine Particulate Pollution (PM2.5)8.4 µg/m³
This county
EPA standard 9 µg/m³

Outdoor & Recreation

Historic Places (NRHP)59 properties
FAA-Registered Airports14 total
Airports (excl. heliports)11 airports

Brewery Scene

Total Breweries2 breweries
Microbreweries2 microbreweries
Brewpubs0 brewpubs

Internet & Remote Work

Download Speed200 Mbps
This county
national avg ~120 Mbps
Upload Speed22 Mbps
Fixed Internet (Q1 2026)359 Mbps
Mobile Internet (Q1 2026)284 Mbps
Mobile Upload (Q1 2026)32 Mbps
Mobile Latency (Q1 2026)36 ms
Households with 100Mbps+68.4%
This county
national avg 75.0%
Cellular-Only Internet15.8%
This county
national avg 8.0%
Fixed Upload Speed (Q1 2026)140 Mbps

EV Infrastructure

EV Charging Stations12 stations
DC Fast Chargers20 chargers
Level 2 EV Chargers18

Commute & Transit

Remote Workers2,877 workers
Public Transit Commuters33 workers
Walk to Work (workers)720 workers
Extreme Commutes (90+ min)520 workers
Avg Commute Time23.9 min
This county
national avg ~27 min
Bike Commuters0.1%
Walk to Work2.4%

Families & Childcare

Childcare Cost Burden24.2%
This county
national median ~27% of household income
Childcare Centers9.8 per 10K residents
Childcare Facilities21

Civic & Community

Voter Turnout76.4%
This county
national avg ~55%
Volunteering Rate1.0%
Income Inequality (Gini)3.740
Nonprofit Organizations415
Veterans Share7.7%
This county
national avg 7.0%
Married Adults54.5%
Never-Married Adults26.8%
Divorced Adults12.5%
Religious Organizations55
Asian Population0.9%
Native American Population0.4%
Membership Associations12.3 per 10K residents

Lifestyle & Services

Full-Service Restaurants0.97 per 1K residents
Nursing & Care Facilities40
Grocery Stores7
Hotels & Lodging35
Recreation Businesses25
Professional Services Firms87
Veterinary Practices10
Real Estate Firms43
Museums5
Debt Burden
Avg Mortgage Balance$89K
Avg Student Loan Balance$9K
Avg Credit Card Balance$5K
Loan Delinquency Rate32.3%
This county
national avg 4.0%

Innovation

Inventor Rate0.49%

Politics

Swing

2024 Presidential · Wisconsin was R+1 statewide

vs Wisconsin State

Income tax
7.65%Same (state law)
Property tax
1.53%1.51% state avg
Politics
SwingR+1
COL Index
93state index (no county figure)

Population & Migration

Net Domestic Migration 2023

↓ -121

More people leaving than arriving

IRS Wealth Migration

Lower-income migration pattern (IRS: 0.84x avg income)

Economic Mobility

46%

chance a low-income child reaches the middle class

Source: Opportunity Insights

Real Estate

Find Homes in Columbia County

Median home value: $359K

View on Zillow →View on Realtor.com →

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Full Wisconsin profile

Taxes, cost of living, crime, schools, gun laws and more.

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Data: Census ACS, BLS, Zillow, USDA Natural Amenities, OpenElections 2024, CMS, NCES. Vintage 2022–2025. News via Google News.

Your Priorities

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Quick Profiles

Dial in your priorities

Annual Income

$150K

Affects effective income tax rate

$0$500K$5M+

Retirement Savings

$0

Affects pension and SS tax burden

None$500K$10M+

Social Security

None

Annual Social Security benefit

None$150K/yr

My Property Is Worth

$400K

Affects property tax burden

Tax burden ↓$1M$50M+

Home Buying Budget

$400K

Compared to state median home price

Hard to find$250K$5M+

Monthly Rent Budget

Don't care

Compared to state median 2BR rent

Don't care$10K/mo

Job Market

Don't care

State unemployment and job growth

Don't careHot market

Airport Access

Don't care

Direct flight destinations from state hubs

Don't careMust have hub

City vs Country

Mid-size city

% urban population

Deep countryBig city

Sunshine

Don't care

Annual sunny days per state

Don't careMax sunshine

Food Scene

Don't care

Restaurants per 100K residents

Don't careWorld-class

Political Preference

Neutral

State's political lean

LiberalConservative

Gun Laws

Neutral

State gun law grade (Giffords)

Gun Control2A Freedom

Abortion Access

Neutral

State abortion access policy

Pro-ChoiceNeutralPro-Life

Community

None

Congregations per 100K residents

AvoidDon't careSeek

Sports & Entertainment

Don't care

Pro sports teams and major venues

Don't careMust have pro teams

Cannabis Laws

Neutral

State cannabis legality

Prefer LegalNeutralPrefer Prohibition

Retiree Community

Neutral

% population 65+ (Census)

Young areaRetirement-heavy

Dating Market

Neutral

% adults never-married (Census)

Singles sceneFamily community

Safety / Low Crime

Don't care

Violent crime rate per 100K (FBI)

Don't careVery safe

School Quality

Don't care

K-12 rank (Education Week)

Don't careTop-ranked

Healthcare Access

Don't care

Healthcare system rank (Commonwealth Fund)

Don't careTop-ranked

Childcare Affordability

Don't care

Cost of living proxy for childcare affordability

Don't careMust be affordable